10 The Julian News
Questions & Answers
About Our Environment
Dear EarthTalk: You hear a lot
about greener cars these days,
but what about airplanes?
-- John Caldwell, Lorton, VA
While it may be the fastest and
most convenient way to go long
distances, air travel remains the
most environmentally-unfriendly
mode in our mix of transportation
options. Airplanes require
massive amounts of petroleum-
based fuel that deposits
greenhouse gas emissions
directly into the atmosphere
(where they're two to four times
more potent in causing global
warming than equivalent ground-
level emissions). The UN's
Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) reports
that aviation is responsible for
some 3.5 percent of human-
caused global warming to date
and expects that figure to grow
to somewhere in the five to 15
percent range by 2050 if we
don't take action soon to curb
emissions.
Fortunately, the aviation
industry hasn't been hiding its
head in the sand. New planes
coming off assembly lines at
Boeing and Airbus, the world's
two biggest jet manufacturers, are
about 15 percent more efficient
than previous •models. Deploying
next generation engines that can
produce more thrust with less
fuel is one way in which airplane
makers are boosting efficiency.
Another is through the use of
lighter materials, with carbon
fiber replacing metal in many
applications and 3D printing of
lightweight titanium parts taking
the place of forged or machined
aluminum.
Better design is also
contributing to the optimization
of fuel efficiency. One example
is the winglet, a small vertical
projection retrofitted on the tip of
the wing that can cut emissions
some six percent by reducing
drag. Less than 20 percent of
the world's jets have them now;
spreading the technology widely
could significantly boost the
overall fuel efficiency of aviation.
We can expect to see even
more dramatic gains when so-
called blended wing-body (BWB)
designs go mainstream. Thanks
to their broader wings and the
resulting higher "lift-to-drag"
ratio, these futuristic planes are
significantly more aerodynamic
than conventional jets. The
Air Transport Action Group
(ATAG), a non-profit focusing
on sustainable development in
aviation, reports that these BWB-
design planes can go as far and
as fast as conventional jets on 75
percent of the fuel. But don't hold
your breath: Researchers don't
expect BWB planes to be ready
for commercial use for another
two decades.
There is also considerable R&D
going into greening the fuel side
of the equation. Illinois-based
General Biomass, for instance,
is developing carbon-neutral jet
fuel formulations derived from
the seed oil of ~jatropha and
camelina plants. And Texas's
Neste is a leader in developing
"recycled jet fuel" made from the
residue of used.diesel fuel.
And as in the auto industry
before it, aviation is now abuzz
with talk of hybrid-electric and
all-electric planes. Seattle-based
Zunum Aero plans to have a
prototype of its hybrid-electric
Environmental&ts are optim&tic that new designs and tedhnologies -- like
this hyper-efficient Blended Wing-Body (BWB) design plane that recently
emerged from a joint effort between NASA and Boeing -- could significantly
reduce aviation's huge carbon footprint and environmental impact.
Credit: UC Irvine, FlickrCC.
19-seater commuter plane ready
for test flights by 2020, and
hopes to start supplying airlines
soon thereafter with commercial-
grade models. Meanwhile,
Silicon Valley's Wright Electric
is collaborating with Europe's
easy Jet in developing a new
battery-powered aircraft
designed for short hop commuter
routes. These new all-electric
planes, which should be ready
for prime time within a decade,
will be 10 percent cheaper for
airlines to buy and operate than
traditional jets--and without the
emissions stigma.
CONTACTS: IPCC, ipcc.ch;
Boeing, boeing.com; Airbus, airbus.
com; ATAG, atag.org; General
Biomass, generalbiomass.com;
Neste, neste.com; Zunum Aero,
zunum.aero; Wright Electric,
weflywright.com; easy Jet, easyjet.
com.
EarthTalk® is produced by
noddy Scheer & Doug Moss and is a
registered trademark of the nonprofit
Earth Action Network. To donate,
visit www.earthtalk.org. Send
questions to: question@earthtalk.
org.
Great Shake-Out
continued from page 1
information to play during your
drill by downloading recordings
from www.ShakeOut.org/
resources.
DURING the Drill
1. Via the public announcement
(PA) system, email, cell phone/
text message, or verbal direction:
• Announce that the earthquake
drill has begun and to Drop,
Cover, and Hold On.
• (Optional) Play the audio
recording (see above) on your
PA or, alternatively, play it on a
computer in each office.
• Suggest that while down on
the floor, employees look around
at what would be falling on them
in a real earthquake. These items
should be secured or moved
after the drill.
2. After at least one minute,
announce that the shaking is
over and that employees can
stand up again. Thank them for
participating.
3. Encourage employees to
discuss their experiences with
one another.
AFTER the Drill
1. Ask for feedback on how the
drill went.
2. Schedule the next drill
for one year later (or sooner if
employees need to practice).
3. If you participated in a
ShakeOut drill, complete a
post-ShakeOut survey if one is
available on your
ShakeOut region's website.
4. Share photos and stories at
www.ShakeOut.org.
5. Review "7 Steps to an
Earthquake Resilient Workplace"
for additional ideas, available at
www.earthquakecountry.org/
booklets.
6. Encourage employees to
prepare at home using the 7
Steps to Earthquake Safety from
"Putting
Down Roots in Earthquake
Country" (see www.
earthquakecountry.org/
sevensteps).
Through Girl Scouts:. girls learn to
face challenges head-on, embrace
failure as a learning opportunity,
create lasting relationships, and find
dynamic solutions to social issues
- all while building the skills and
courage they need to take the lead
every day and empower themselves
for life. To join or volunteer, visit
www.girlscouts.org/join.
The veterinarian-formulated,
natural way to deter dogs from
eating cat stools is to give both
animals tasty NaturVet Outta
My Box soft chews from Garmon
Corporation. Learn more at www.
naturvet.com and (888) 628-8783.
October 18, 2017
Lucky is an eight year old
neutered Border Collie Mix who
weighs 401bs. Tired of throwing
the ball only to realize you must
retrieve it yourself? Lucky is here
to help! He loves to play fetch
and when he's tired, he simply
enjoys relaxing with his hurfians.
Lucky gets along with most dogs,
however can be intimidated by
those larger than him. He'll make
a wonderful companion and will
prove you can teach an old dog
new tricks. Meet him by asking
for ID#A1771241 Tag#C499.
Lucky can be adopted for $35.
Heather is a two year old
spayed Tortie who weighs 101bs.
Spunky and sassy, this beautiful
gal will make herself the queen
of your castle in no time. Heather arrived to the shelter as a stray and
hopes to leave as a permanent member of a loving family. Meet this
diva by asking for ID#A1808755 Tag#C875. Heather can be adopted
for $58.
All adoptions will include vaccinations, spaying/neutering (upon
adoption), a microchip and free Vet visit. Dog fees also include a 1
year license. Lucky and Heather are at our Central County Shelter,
5480 Gaines Street, San Diego. The Shelter hours are 9:30AM to
5:30PM, Tuesday through Sunday or visit www.sddac.com for more
information.
........... L, ................................................ ........................................................
St. Elizabeth's Catholic Church
Hosting the 22" Annual
Saturday & Sunday
October 21 & 22, 2017
11am - 4pm
2033 Main Street - Julian
ENJOY LIVE MUSIC, DANCING, GREAT FOOD &
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760- 765" 2363
PO Box 1342
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GENERAL
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licensed contractor include the contractors license
number. Section 7027.2 says that unlicensed
persons whose work qualifies under the minor work
exemption, less than $300 including male@ and
labor, may advertise, provided that he or she state
in the advertisement that they are not licensed, The
California Contractors State License Board
publishes a tree booklet, "What You Should Know
Before You Hire A Contractor." For free information
call: 1-800-321-CSLB(2752i.
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